Biological Function of Clostridium Butyricum and Its Application
In Feed Industry
Song Huiyi Wu Tianxing

Abstract: Clostridium butyricum is a novel Probiotics strain used in feed additive. The properties of its synergistic coexistence with other probiotics and resistance to many kinds of antibiotics contribute to its potential function in the situation that feed has been added universally with antibiotics. So the biology function and its application in feed industry of clostridium butyricum were discussed in this article.Clostridium Butyricum
Key words: Clostridium butyricum; probiotics,biological function; feed.
, In recent years, though our national stock farming developed quickly, it accompanies some problems, such as the livestock dejecta pollution to the environment, residual of the antibiotic and the high cultivation cost, etc. The residual of the antibiotic is more severe than others. Clostridium butyricum Probiotics is a novel microecological feed additive, it has the characteristic of heat tolerance, acid tolerance and antibiotic resistance and is general used to treat the intestinal tract disease in the clinical treatment. Its potential function in the situation that feed has been added universally with antibiotics will make it have a good development. Clostridium Butyricum

Clostridium butyricum’s Origin and Characteristic

Clostridium butyricum was first discovered and reported by Dr. Miyairi in 1933 at the department of Hygiene at Chiba Medical College (now located at the Chiba University School of Medicine). It resides in the soil, intestinal tract of human and animal, cheese and natural acidophilous milk. It is gram-positive anaerobic spore-bearing bacilli that belongs to Clostridia and will change into gram-negative at the anaphase of the inoculation. In Japan it is first used to treat human’s intestinal tract, such as Clostridium butyricum probiotics Liquid, powder and capsule, then it act as veterinary drugs to treat livestock and fowl intestinal flora disorder and elevate the productivity. Clostridium butyricum is spindle-form bacillus, its thallus is straight or slight anfractous and its spore, round or oval, is endogenous spore whose thallus intumescentia in the middle like fusiform. Clostridium butyricum has a strong resistiance to the environment, after 80℃, 30min and 90℃,10min heat-treatment it has a entire survival; after 90℃, 20min heat-treatment there is 95% left; heat proof and acid proof, it is alive at 1.0<PH<5.0 and suit for it at 4.0<PH<9.8.Clostridium Butyricum Probiotics Update

Clostridium butyricum’s Biological function

Clostridium butyricum is microecological praeparatum, it can promote the growth of probiotics and inhibit the growth of pathogens after getting into the intestinal tract, and it can also facilitate the intestinal microecological balance, raise the immunity and make it growing fast, raise the feed transformation efficiency and reduce the stink.Clostridium Butyricum Probiotics Update

Clostridium butyricum could accommodate the intestinal microecological balance

Clostridium butyricum could promote the growth of probiotics in the intestinal tract. It is be discovered in the research that the most conspicuous character of Clostridium butyricum is its synergistic coexistence with other probiotics like Bacillus bifidus, acidophilous bacterium acidi lactici and Streptococcus faecium. Zhu Xiaohui and her group put 1:3 Clostridium butyricum fermentation extract into the medium of bacillus bifidus, acidophilous Bacillus acidi lactici and fecal streptococci, then cultivate it for 24h under the room temperature, and the result is that the viable organism content of the three has increased 24.0%, 42.57% and 6.76% than CG. It is indicated that Clostridium butyricum could promote the growth of probiotics. Because it could excrete short-chain fatty acid such as butyric acid and lactic acid Clostridium butyricum can also inhibit the abnormal growth of pathogenic bacteria and putrefying bacteria, retrieve the disorder of the intestinal flora and reduce enterotoxin. Tang Baoying, etc.（2005）had research on the extraorgan antagonism of Clostridium butyricum to the 3 kinds of livestock and poultry intestinal tract pathogenic bacteria. In the research Clostridium butyricum will be respectively mingle inoculated in the anaerobic culture with swine Bacillus coli, fowl Bacillus coli and fowl dysentery salmonella by different ratio in the CL fluid medium, in the cultivation the viable count of the 3 kinds of pathogenic bacteria was sharply decreased, the number of coenobium all gradually drop to zero. Therefore, it proved the antagonism.Clostridium Butyricum Probiotics Update

Clostridium butyricum could produce nutrient substance and have the ability of health protection

Clostridium butyricum could promote the feedstuff digestion, raise feedstuff transformation efficiency and have the ability of health protection because it excretes vitamin B, vitamin K, amylase and so on. Clostridium butyricum can promote the absorption of VE, which is important for the organism and could fortify the blood vessel elasticity, enhance disease resistance and active the cell. VE absorption accelerator mainly made of Clostridium butyricum was experimented on young cow and discovered that the VE content of the test group was increasing significantly than the CG, similar result in the young chicken experiment.Clostridium Butyricum Probiotics Update

Extraorgan antagonism to intestinal tract pathogenic bacteria.

They demeshed and identified the Clostridium butyricum culture fluid and discovered that it contained protein clastic enzyme, 6 kinds of saccharide like amylaceum and glucosylglucose, organic acid like butyric acid, lactic acid and acetic acid, etc. The micromolecular organic acid can inhibit the growth and permanent planting of the common pathogenic bacteria. A lot of national research papers confirmed that Clostridium butyricum could inhibit the procreation of Bacillus comma, Shigella, salmonella, enteropathogenic E.coli，enterohemorrhagic E.coli and Clostridieum welchii. Therefore, Clostridium butyricum are used to treat the intestinal infection and disfunction. It is confirmed in the clinical test that the treatment effective power of Clostridium butyricum to diarrhea and IBS is more than 80%, and to constipation, loose stools and gastroenteritis the ratio is 60%~75%, so it is a good intestinal microecological drug. They filled Clostridium butyricum praeparatum to the stomach of the mice, the probiotics number of Bacillus bifidus and Bacillus acidi lactici is significantly increased and the number of enterococci, enteric bacilli and Clostridium perfringens do not change. Some researchers fill Clostridium butyricum praeparatum to the stomach of the mice to observe its therapeutical effect to mice cextrogire dextran Glauber's salt colonitis. They discovered that inflammation index of large intestine’s humid weight, ulcer area and MPO activity of the mice of test group is all lower than the CG. It proved that Clostridium butyricum praeparatum has a good therapeutical effect to the colonitis.Clostridium Butyricum Probiotics Update

Tolerance to the antibiotics

Indeed, the non-gemma microecological praeparatum like Bacillus bifidus and Bacillus acidi lactici can regulate the disorder of intestinal flora, but they have an Achilles' heel, they will easily lost the activity by the influence of biochemistry and physic factor when take orally and keep in storage. Bacillus bifidus has a weak resistance to the outside environment; its viable count will decrease quickly and have no gastric acid tolance, so it must be made into capsulae enterosolubilis; moreover, it cannot take together with antibiotics. probiotics Clostridium butyricum is a kind of obligate anaerobic spore-bearing bacillus; it has the characteristic of heat tolerance, acid tolerance and antibiotic resistance and has the potential function in the situation that feed has been added universally with antibiotics.Probiotics Update

application in feed industry

Clostridium butyricum could be used alone as feed additive probiotics, it can also mix with Bacterium acidi lactici, sporangium and Bacillus bifidus to enhance the efficacy. According to the microecological theory, Huang Jun and his group(2003) sieved 3 strain of Bacterium acidi lactici, 2 strain of sporangium, 2 strain of fermentum, one strain of photosynthesis bacterium and one strain of Clostridium butyricum, under anaerobic conditions after the fluid seed cultivation and mixing with wheat bran，they produce feed additive with solid state fermentation. In the swine cultivation experiment, the daily increased weight of the test group is 8% more than CG, the feed availability raised by 10%, the NH3 content in dejecture decreased 61% and at the same time it significantly improved the swine’s immunity and disease resistance. The function is also proved in the test of fish and chicken.Clostridium Butyricum Probiotics Update

conclusion

At present, people pay more and more attention to the effect of the novel Clostridium Butyricum feed additive probiotics, but it have some problem such as how to keep its maximum activity in the alimentary canal. As the technology of stabilization and microcapsule are used in the active microorganism praeparatum, the Clostridium butyricum microecological praeparatum will be used more and more in the feed industry. It will be the novel green feed additive with high safety.

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